The Greatest American President Ever Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Greatest American President Ever - Essay Example Gains in the stock market produced numerous millionaires who advanced the Reagan reign because several people adopted Reagan’s communication styles. The nonviolent downfall of the global communalist union that Reagan formerly condemned as an Evil Empire was a monumental victory in the foreign policy of the U.S. Diplomatic and economic accomplishments notwithstanding, the presidency of Reagan also had its imperfections characterized by the broadening gulf between the ordinary working and rich Americans especially when it came to matters that Reagan could not sufficiently address. Others included certain grave foreign policy bloopers and poor relations amidst races. Regardless of these precincts, Reagan retired with superior approval ratings and numerous Americans consider him amongst the greatest presidents because of his ability to transfer the right information to the citizenr . Perhaps, most significantly is that the powerful ideologies of Reagan continue shaping the contour s of politics in America to the current day. Looking back at the last six decades, Reagan is the influential and important president. Loved by the Republicans and detested by the liberals, Reagan transformed five decade of economic and political orthodoxy on its crown, consequently transforming numerous Americans from Roosevelt Democrats into conservatives by communicating his ideals in a comprehensible manner. Reagan is responsible for the growth and participation of conservatives in American politics (Dunn 93). Reagan’ huge influence on the history of America was partly attributable to proper timing and communication. Similar to Frank Roosevelt, Reagan secured the presidency at a period when a considerable American population felt a profound discontent regarding the state of economy, social order, and politics in the U.S. The economy of the country that had taken pleasure in the great and long periods of sustained prosperity, stalled. Real wages became stationary, stock val ues along with corporate gains reduced. Furthermore, inflation and unemployment soared. Ordinary Americans who expected constant increase of their living standards instead encountered rising unemployment, higher prices, and falling wages. The American population had to stomach the painful end of the Vietnam War that eventually ended with the defeat of the U.S. Additionally, underlying cultural conflicts unchecked by the counter-cultural social revolutions became manifest. As such, bitter racial animosity propelled by the policies of the government on affirmative action and school desegregation spread in the South affecting the nation (Dunn 136). The challenges in the social arena, military, and economic impediments affected the country making it seem that the United States was facing several difficulties. At the conclusion of the 1970 period, profound dissatisfaction with life in the U.S. led to transformation. The foundation principles that had regulated the politics of the United States following the establishment of Roosevelt’s New Deal Order appeared unsuccessful. American citizens were prepared to attempt something fundamentally different. Consequently, that marked an opportune ascent of Reagan who preached an optimistic conservative populism doctrine that essentially realigned the politics of U.S. The subsequent Reagan Revolution enhanced a conservative domination period of the social order and American politics that would precede a generation (Dunn

Management Issue Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Management Issue Paper - Essay Example bably consent on is that there are several outstanding issues facing business managers today, irrespective of whether they are running on a multinational organization or a one man plus company (Christiansen 172). Companies today place multiple demands on leaders, requiring them to make difficult decisions, impart vision and initiate change. Managers should be adaptable and flexible to handle these demands. Several business companies have one challenge seen to be the main one in business, for example, leadership. Strongest teams comprise of a variety of workplace personality types from leaders, doers, thinkers and nurtures. Whilst no one category is enhanced than the other, a team works best when mutual respect and genuine, balance for different working styles are present, and it takes a spontaneous and a strong leader to make all these personalities work acceptably together (Christiansen 174). There is no doubt that leadership methods too vary extremely, and some of the successful business leaders of the world’s niceness, go unnoted, for example, Thomas Edison, Steve Jobs and Henry Ford. The good news during a recession, however, is that, according to Daniel Goleman, a psychologist, those managers most likely to triumph during difficult times are those with empathy, tough social skills, and those with the ability to inspire skyscraping performance in others. Goleman’s conclusions to three main qualities to success came after his studies of understanding leaders (Christiansen 182). The three qualities are social awareness, emotional self-control and empathy. A survey among FTS350 organizations by the CBI issued in November 2011 discovered that of the 122 corporate managers who took part, 70 percent said that their confidence level in the economic viewpoint had fallen in the recent 3 months; however, only 30 percent of them believe that their company’s projects have deteriorated. Fifty-seven percent thought their prospects had remained the same and 11

Animal Farm Essay Example for Free

Animal Farm Essay The novel Animal Farm was cleverly written by George Orwell to make fun of the Russian government. Orwell made all of the events in the book relate to an event during the Russian revolution. The rebellion in George Orwell’s Animal Farm represents the Russian revolution during the reign of Joseph Stalin. This novel is an allegory that can be taken as a children’s book or a book with a serious political opinion. George Orwell was born in India in 1903 to the name Eric Arthur Blair. He was a very opinionated man who despised political lying. Orwell strongly believed in a form of government called socialism. He moved to England an attended Eton college. Shortly after, he moved back to India and joined the Indian Imperial Police for five years. After doing a variety of jobs around France he started to write articles until beginning to write his books. In the sources I used the definition of the Russian Revolution is â€Å"Russian Revolution, violent upheaval in Russia in 1917 that overthrew the czars government.† In the novel the rebellion of the animals was a violent upheaval on Manor Farm that overthrew Mr. Jones. Orwell’s point in writing this novel was to show the stupidity and flaws of the Russian government and the stupidity of the events that took place in the time period of the rise of communism. The main events that happen in the novel go word for word to what major events took place during Porter 2 the rise of Joseph Stalin. In the Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin took the words of the beloved Karl Marks and used them to gain power for his own doing. The same thing happened in Animal Farm when Napoleon used the words of Old Major to start his own Revolution. George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a story about rebellion. The farm animals rebel against Mr. Jones, the farm owner, because of neglect. When the animals chase out Mr. and Mrs. Jones, the animals immediately rejoice. The pigs gain control of the farm. They soon forget the real meaning of â€Å"Animalism† and the other animals cannot tell the difference between the humans and the pigs. Orwell’s Animal Farm parallels the characters, events, and socialism of the Russian Revolution. The characters in Animal Farm favor the main personalities of the Russian Revolution. Mr. Jones is a reflection of Czar Nicholas II, who lost control of his reign by rapid industrialization. The rebellion in the novel mirrors the R ussian revolution. The windmill is a symbol for Stalins Five-Year plan. Just a windmill was promised to make the animals life easier. The Five-Year Plan was supposed to improve Soviet industry to the point that the people’s life would be made easier. Stalin also thought that the Five Year Plan would increase production and allow the soviets to shorten the workweek. And just like the windmill, and Stalins plan was an utter failure. After the destruction of the Windmill, the Animals decided to build another one. Just like how Stalin kept churning out new Five-year Plans. Always promising that each new plan would solve all of Russias problems. The same as Porter 3  when Napoleon kept on making up plans that would benefit him in the long run. It all started when the hens refused to give their eggs up to the pigs. Napoleon then decided to starve them until they change their minds. Several of the hen’s die, and the rest simply give up. Soon after, Napoleon calls a general meeting. The dogs drag out several pigs. The pigs confess that they were working with Snowball and Mr. Frederick, and a moment later the dogs tear their throats out. After that, the same thing happens with the surviving hens from the rebellion. At the end, there is a pile of corpses by Napoleons feet. What we have here is a nightmare that mirrors to the Great Purge. The Great Purge took place between 1936 and 1938. Working to eliminate every last trace of the people Stalin had executed or sent to Gulag labor camps. Many of those who died, died because they claimed association with Leon Trotsky. Estimates of how many died in the purges ranges from about 500,000 up to 2 million. Stalin and Napoleon were evil men. Orwell was a very clever man. He had a lot of ideas on how government should be run. He also was a very talented writer. Using those skills he crafted the novel our class read Animal Farm. This novel could be read at an elementary level or at a high school level with a huge political perspective. Orwell cleverly used the story of animals taking over a farm to make fun of the communist government. In doing so he included the events as told in my past paragraphs. The Russian Revolution, Stalin’s Five-Year Plan, and The Great Purge. All events secretly mentioned in the form of a children’s fable. Orwell was truly a clever man.

Reaction Paper: Was Marx Wrong? -- essays research papers

Karl Marx was an influential character of history, a man of tremendous intelligence as well as a great inspiration to many philosphers and people past and present. Karl Marx was a man of action for the less fortunate class, in that sense his theories are not wrong, to a certain extent they are positve inquisitions. It is those whom have practiced Marx theories that have misinterpreted his works giving Karl Marx a negative demeanor. Specifically Lenin and Stalin are two leaders who have brought shame to the works of Karl Marx and make this philospher seem like a barbarian. " Marx is a humanitarian because he took the side of the working class."-Overstreet Marx is considered a humanitarian because he was in favor of the non exploitation of the lowest class. His main concern was for the individual in society, Karl Marx's studies yield that he wanted the individuals of civilation to live fulfilled lives. In Karl Marx's economic policies he states that " The workers labor power is a commodity." This holds truth, a workers labor is very valuable, like goods that are sold by a merchant. His labor is not to be taken advantage of because he is an individual fending for a living to survive. Marx states in his teachings that because workers are such a commodity to society that a laborer should not be undermined or exploited, such as the slaves...

Autobiography – creative writing

I was riding my bike chasing my mate like any 11year old kid dose when disaster strikes. It all started on a sunny Saturday morning when my friend Paul knocks at my house he said get your bike so I ask my mum if I could take it out, bad decision. So I went out, about four hours later Paul decides he wants to tease me so me being me couldn't ignore him and chased him on my bike. I was just about to catch him when I went over a curb. The bike and me flew up in the air and somersaulted, I landed headfirst on to concrete then the bike fell on top of me, I screamed in pain Paul turned round and looked in shock for a few seconds. After he realised what had happened he ran in to get his mum. We lived close so when his mum came out he ran and got my mum & dad. Paul's mum came and put a pillow under my head by this time I was all most asleep. Every time I went to fall asleep Paul's mum said, â€Å"wake up wake up†. My dad came running down while my mum rang for an ambulance for about ten minutes before the ambulance came they tried to keep me awake. When it finally came I blacked out. I have not got a clue what happened in the ambulance or when I got out of it. When I finally woke up it was about 4:30 p. m. , I still had not been seen by a doctor. When I did see a doctor he said that he would have to glue my head . I thought to myself â€Å"glue† I mean when you crack your head open you would think that you'd have stitches not glue. When he come back he said he would have to cut my hair . I thought to myself â€Å"first I crack my head open then I find out my head has to be glued and now I have to have my hair cut things could not get any worse. † So I had my hair cut & head glued . By this time it was 6:30pm almost 4 hours after I did my flip on my bike and by this time I was absolutely exhausted I had been thought a lot in one day.

The Major Powers Of The Central Bank Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1934 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? There was a time when money did not exist. Long ago, people at a stage called subsistence economy produced only what they needed. Their needs were few but their methods of production were such that they spent most of their living hours in an unceasing battle for personal survival. They had no need for money. Thus, they were engaged in a Barter System. However, the Barter System became very deficient and it was thought wise to introduce money. But who would control the money in the economy, thus the Central Bank came in play. Statement of Problem Money has been seen as a stepping stone for many economies as it contributes to the standard of living and facilitated lots of transactions during the past few decades years. However, it needs to be properly supervised or controlled to make sure there is not too much or too little available within the economy. It is therefore important to investigate the major powers of the Central Bank (whom controls the money supply) so that there is a right amount in the economy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Major Powers Of The Central Bank Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Review of Literature There are a number of alternative theories of how money is created, and generally emphasize endogenous money that money is created by internal workings of an economy, rather than external forces under whose rubric they thus fall. Chartalism, which holds that money is created by government deficit spending, and emphasizes (and advocates) fiat money. Chartalism is a monetary standard in which government-issued tokens are used as the unit of money. In such a system, fiat money is created by government spending. Taxation is employed to reclaim the money and control the total amount of fiat money in existence. Reclaiming most of this issued money via taxation is essential to maintaining its value in exchange. Modern Chartalism theory states that under a fiat money system, net currency is created by government through deficit spending. Because the issued currency is not tied to or backed by a commodity, currency can only be created when the government spends. Government may, or m ay not, ask for that currency back in taxes. The demand to hold and acquire this government issued currency is driven by taxes levied by the state which typically can only be paid in the state-issued fiat currency. (G.F. Knapp, 1920s) On the contrary, in the classical view, the central bank of a government creates money by purchasing government notes or bills through open market operations (this will be discussed later). Circuitist money theory, held by some post-Keynesians, who argues that money is created endogenously by the banking system, rather than exogenously by central bank lending. Further, they argue that money is not neutral. (Graziani 1989) Credit Theory of Money. This approach was founded by Joseph Schumpeter. Credit theory asserts the central role of banks as creators and allocators of money supply, and distinguishes between productive credit creation (allowing non-inflationary economic growth even at full employment, in the presence of technological progress ) and unproductive credit creation (resulting in inflation of either the consumer- or asset-price variety). Money supply remains one of the most controversial aspects of economics. Definition of Key Terms Central Bank The generic name given to a countrys primary monetary authority, such as the Federal Reserve System in the U.S. Usually has responsibility for issuing currency, administering monetary policy, holding member banks deposits, and facilitating the nations banking industry. The Money Supply is liquid assets held by individuals and banks. The money supply includes coins, currency, and demand deposits (checking accounts) or Money supply (monetary aggregates, money stock), a macroeconomic concept, is the quantity of money available within the economy to purchase goods, services, and securities. Monetary policy is the process by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority manages the money supply to achieve specific goals such constraining inflation, maintaining an exchange rate achieving full employment or economic growth. Monetarism is a set of views concerning the determination of national income and monetary economics. It focuses on the supply an d demand for money as the primary means by which economic activity is regulated. Monetary theory focuses on money supply and on inflation as an effect of the supply of money being larger than the demand for money. Open Market Operations are the buying or selling of Government bonds by the Central Bank in the open market. If the Central Bank were to buy bonds, the effect would be to expand the money supply and hence lower the interest rates; the opposite is true if bonds are sold. Reserve Requirements are a percentage of commercial banks, and other depository institutions, demand deposit liabilities (i.e. checking accounts) that must be kept on deposit at the Central Bank as a requirement of Banking Regulations. Though seldom used, this percentage may be changed by the Central Bank at any time, thereby affecting the money supply and credit conditions. If the reserve requirement percentage is increased, this would reduce the money supply by requiring a larger percentage of the banks, and depository institutions, demand deposits to be held by the Central Bank, thus taking them out of supply. As a result, an increase in reserve requirements would increase interest rates, as less currency is available to borrowers. This type of action is only performed occasional as it affects money supply in a major way. Analysis Money can be defined as anything that is generally accepted as a medium of exchange and settlement of debt. Functions of Money Medium of Exchange: anything that is readily acceptable as payment. Unit of Account: serves as a unit of account to help us compare the relative value of goods. Store of Value: a way to keep some of our wealth in a readily spendable form for future needs. Method of Deferred Payment: Allows people to delay paying for goods or settling debt, even though goods or services are being provide immediately. Definition of Money Supply The following definitions of money supply are based on U.S. definitions. Types of Money They are two types of money:- Commodity Money: something that performs the function of money and has alternative, nonmonetary uses e.g. gold, silver, cigarettes. Fiat Money: something that serves as money but has no other important uses e.g. coins, currency, check deposits. Money in an Economy Money Stock is th e quantity of money circulating in the economy. The different ways of measuring the money stock in an economy are: M1: Currency (coins and paper money) in the hands of the public + all demand deposits in deposit taking financial institutions + travelers checks + other checkable deposits M2: M1 + savings deposits + small time deposits (less than $100,00) + money market deposit accounts + other short term investments. M3: M2 + large time deposits (more than $100,000) M2 + M3 are considered near or quasi money since they cannot be easily used to purchase a good or service. NB: In the US is regarded as the narrowest form of money supply. The defining characteristic of this form of money is that it can be easily used to directly purchased goods and services. In England, the narrowest form of money supply is defined as M0 while the broadest is M4. M0: notes and coins in circulation, plus banks balance at the Bank of England. M2: M0 + residents sterling retail deposits with banks, building societies and National Savings. M4: M2+ both time and sight with banks and building societies. M4c: M4 + all foreign currency deposits held in UK banks and building societies by the UK non- bank private sector. In Guyana, the money supply is divided basically into two categories i.e. narrow and quasi money. Narrow money can be seen as M1 while narrow and quasi money together makeup M2 (broad money). Central Bank A countrys central bank is often seen as the bankers bank and is supposed to be independent of the government. The Central Bank is importan t because of the following functions: issuing currency setting reserve requirements lending money to banks provides for checking collection or clearing between banks fiscal agent to the government supervision of financial institutions controlling the money supply The major powers of the Central Bank that enable it to affect the Money Supply are:- Required reserve rate is lowered: The Central Bank can lower required reserve rate which raises the multiplier effect of high powered money (cash). The cash stays in the banks and each dollar can support more loans/demand deposits. For example, the required reserves went from 20% to 10 %, bank ACM would only need to hold $10,000 in reserves for the initial injection of $100,000. The other $90,000 would be loaned out so at each stage in the multiplier chain, the banks would be loaning out more funds and the eventual increase in the money supply would be larger. Discount interest rate decreases: The Central Bank can lower the discount rate and lower the costs for banks holding low excess reserves which will lower the excess reserve rate. If the Central Bank lowers the discount rate, or sets a lower federal funds target, this can be accomplished if the Central Bank injects funds into the system which will drive down the price of those funds interest rates Publics holding of cash changes: The Central Bank can raise confidence in banking system which will lower publics desire for holding cash. If you look at the high-powered money the Central Bank can inject into the system, a dollar in the hands of an individual is simply a dollar of money supply. A dollar in reserves at the banks, however, can support some multiple expansions of checking accounts. For example, when the required reserve rate was 10%, the $100,000 cash injection the system ultimately resulted in a $500,000 increase in checking account balances. Thus, if the Central Bank can move dollars from peoples pockets to banks, this will increase the money supply. In the Great Depression, one of the real problems was people lost confidence in the banks and took their cash out of the banks, a pattern that caused the money supply to decrease. When people want cash, the reserves in the banks fall which creates a bigger drop in demand deposits. The result is a net decrease in the money supply. For this reason you would expect every Christmas season the money supply would decrease as consumers want to hold more cash. To offset this, the Central Bank will need to get more cash into the system. Open market purchases: this is the Central Banks primary tool of monetary policy. The Central Bank can buy or sell government securities. For example, the Central Bank will contact its broker and announce it wants to buy $100,000 of government securities. The increase of $100,000 cash into the system will result in an increase in the money supply of $500,000. If the Central Bank wants to increase the money supply it will buy government securities, while if it wants to decrease the money supply it will sell government securities. The supply of money can only increase if the money is first printed by the issuer of money, usually the government central bank. The central bank prints coins and bills and electronic money (as mentioned in the functions of the Central Bank). Conclusion The researcher has concluded that the Central bank plays a significant role within the economy in controlling the supply of money. If the Money Supply is not properly attain to recessions and inflations will occur which will hinder the economic activities that the government is engaged. Furthermore, the major powers of the Central Bank, which were mention earlier, are important in regulating the supply of money.

The Invention Of The Printing Press - 1214 Words

You can t stop people from printing what they want to print. -Alan Sugar The Printing Press, a 15th century invention, allowed scholars to print and distribute their work throughout Europe. Church authority denounced the spread of scientific ideas encouraged by the invention of the printing press. They banned scientific works, like Galileo’s Sidereus Nuncius, as academics published their research. Roman Catholic Church authority advocated for biblical ideas, which opposed scientific studies like the heliocentric theory and the study of kinetics. Ecclesiastical doctrine contested the heliocentric theory, Galileo’s research, and Newton’s laws of motion, demonstrating the incompatibility between scientific studies and theology. Copernicus challenged the Roman Catholic Church with his Heliocentric Theory. In his book De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium Libri VI, he explained his theory: the hypothesis that planets revolved around the sun rather than the Earth (Williams, L.Pearce). His proposition contradicted Bartolomeu Velho’s geocentric theory, a view more compatible with church doctrine, suggesting that all motion centered around Earth (Velho Bartolomeu). The Bible established that â€Å"[God] set the earth on its foundation,† therefore â€Å"[Earth] can never be moved† (Psalm 104:5). By claiming that Earth remains stationary rather than revolving around the sun, the Church sided with Bartolomeu Velho. In contrast, Copernicus questioned the Church, asking why â€Å"we [do] not admit, withShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Printing Press948 Words   |  4 PagesIf we examine, by quantifiable evaluations focusing on printing production and the distribution of associated technology a nd scrutinized by the characterization of the extensive expanse of knowledge and ideas across Europe we will discover the invention of the printing press. A result of progress, among a number of allied industries, papermaking and goldsmithing were principal players. The thin paper-like material made from the pith of the papyrus plant was one of the most common writing papers duringRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1633 Words   |  7 PagesHistorian David Ramsay stated, In establishing American independence†¦ the pen and the press had merit equal to that of the sword (Slaughter 9). When historians analyze the past they often use primary sources such as printed media, journals, letters and various notarized documents. Printed documents are a timeless form of communication with an immeasurable influenced, capable of reaching masses. How has print evolve into this powerful tool of influence and communication in America? To answer theRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1413 Words   |  6 Pages The printing press was essentially invented by Johannes Gutenberg enabling mass productions of books and the spread of rapid knowledge throughout Europe. This invention became a great industry in Britain. The printing press became a popular industry in the mid-19th century as the second industrial revolution commenced a communication revolution. There were several factors that made printing press very popular and substantial such as during wars where there was more of an urgency to strive for newsRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press861 Words   |  4 PagesThe printing press invented by German goldsmith Johann Gutenberg in 1448 has been called one of the most important inventions in the history of humankind. When compared to the standard printing methods of the day, the printing press revolutionized how mass quantities of books were printed. The enlightenment in Europe and America were greatly affected by its invention. From its beginnings in 1448 the printer has evolved into today s modern laser jet printers. One printer that most people don t thinkRead MoreThe Invention Of Printing Press1284 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant machines during the modern period: the printing press. The printing press was inspired by earlier uses found in China and Japan as early as the 7th century. In this time the way to print was using the method of block printing, which was a piece of wood used to print a specific piece of text. (â€Å"Patterns for†) With the Gutenberg invention the revolution had begun. It advanced the process of movable type further, and started a new era of printing called typography. The typography allowed informationRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe invention of the printing press was a great influence on Renaissance culture and literature. Its inventor, Johannes Gutenberg said himself â€Å"like a star it shall scatter the darkness of ignorance and cause a light herefore unknown to shine amongst men† (Gutenberg, n.d.). By creating the market for the printed word, he paved the way for literature in the Renaissance. Gutenberg’s printing press single-handedly revolutionized the way stories were shared. He took the power of the word away fromRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press932 Words   |  4 PagesThe printing press, a simple invention compared to the technology we have today, however, it was a huge stepping stone to getting to the technology today. The printing press represents the spread of information and knowledge. There were two major effects of the printing press. These two effects were the exploration of the Americas and the Protestant Reformation. Exploration was Colombus and his explorers â€Å"discovering† America. The printing press had great influence on these events. The ProtestantRead MoreThe Invention Of Printing Press3662 Words   |  15 Pages Invention of printing press has brought benefits to the world. However, it had a different meaning to an individual; for someone, it became the source to spread their ideas, and for others, a source for collecting new ideas. Menocchio is a peasant farmer born in the 16th century in Italy. He was a peasant farmer who had some reading skills. He was a miller who owned his mill, so he managed to make a little extra to spend money on printed books. Based on his reading, he developed an idea thatRead MoreGutenberg Invention Of The Printing Press1366 Words   |  6 Pageswas one invention that really made an impact? Some say electricity or medication some might even say technology. One invention that altered the world was Gutenberg’s invention the printing press. The printing press has made a huge impact back in the 1450s. It allowed many nations to go from writing in scripts to books. Also it was an other way for information to be shared with surrounding countries. The printing press expanded communication,knowledge and also exploration. The printing press help withRead MoreThe Invention Of Printing Press1345 Words   |  6 PagesSince the beginning of typography people were always looking to create it in a faster more effective way. The printing press was then created to do just that, it made it possible to mass produce designs and newspapers with a lot text. But during that time there weren t that many styles of typefaces and since then the typefaces have changed, kind of. The typefaces used when they were press was first made are still used today. Are hand crafted fonts more successful than the sans serif modern typefaces